Optical Interconnection Networks Based on Microring Resonators

Abstract — Interconnection networks must transport an always increasing information density and connect a rising number of processing units. Electronic technologies have been able to sustain the traffic growth rate, but are getting close to their physical limits. In this context, optical interconnection networks are becoming progressively more attractive, especially because new photonic devices can be directly integrated in CMOS technology. Indeed, interest in microring resonators as switching components is rising, but their usability in full optical interconnection architectures is still limited by their physical characteristics. Indeed, differently from classical devices used for switching, switching elements based on microring resonators exhibit asymmetric power losses depending on the output ports input signals are directed to. In this paper, we study classical interconnection architectures such as crossbar, Benes and Clos networks exploiting microring resonators as building blocks. Since classical interconnection networks lack either scalability or complexity, we propose two new architectures to improve performance of microring based interconnection networks while keeping a reasonable complexity. I

Optical Interconnection Architectures based on Microring Resonators

Abstract: Microring resonators are an interesting device to build integrated optical interconnects, but their asymmetric loss behavior could limit the scalability of classical optical interconnects. We present new interconnects able to increase scalability with limited complexity

Switching node architectures in flexible-grid networks: A performance comparison

A migration from fixed-grid WDM networks to flexible-grid networks is foreseen as a solution able to cope with the constant traffic increase in backbone networks. The migration will involve significant changes in the network infrastructure and in the architecture of optical switching nodes. Indeed, several studies propose new architectures that can effectively exploit the characteristics of flexible-grid networks. On the one hand, traditional ROADM nodes enhanced with new colorless, directionless and contentionless capabilities are studied. On the other hand, nodes designed according to the Architecture on Demand concept were proposed as a solution able to dynamically adapt to the elastic switching and processing requirements of flexible-grid networks. We evaluate the two node architectures considering their use in flexible-grid networks and we compare their spectral efficiency and energy consumption

OSNR Aware Composition of an Open and Disaggregated Optical Node and Network

A function programmable optical network has been recently proposed to enhance the flexibility of an optical transport based on architecture-on-demand (AoD). The flexible synthesis of optical node architectures provided by AoD enables an open and disaggregated optical layer thanks to the available deep programmability. However, previous studies have focused on how to synthesize a single node out of switching function blocks, thus neglecting the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) impact, power imbalance effects due to the diverse set of devices traversed per input–output configuration, and network-wide implications. In this work, we present an optical network-wide function synthesis (ONetFuS), which is an algorithm to compose AoD nodes that consider placement and configuration of both switches and amplifiers. ONeFuS minimizes OSNR degradation and deviation across channels and offers enhanced power balance performance. Moreover, ONetFuS addresses multiple-node scenarios to investigate cascading, transmission distance, and networking effects. We compare the number of optical cross-connections computed by our proposal against solutions in the literature. Results in network scenarios, including the number of components, power balance, OSNR variations, and OSNR penalty reductions, prove the suitability of our proposed ONetFuS for open and functional programmable optical networks

Gridless optical networking field trial: flexible spectrum switching, defragmentation and transport of 10G/40G/100G/555G over 620-km field fiber

We report the first gridless networking field trial with flexible spectrum switching nodes over 620 km field fibre links. Successful transport, spectrum switching and defragmentation achieved for mixed line signals including 555G and coherent 100G

NFV Orchestration over Disaggregated Metro Optical Networks with End-to-End Multi-Layer Slicing enabling Crowdsourced Live Video Streaming

Network infrastructure must support emerging applications, fulfill 5G requirements, and respond to the sudden increase of societal need for remote communications. Remarkably, crowdsourced live video streaming (CLVS) challenges operators' infrastructure with tides of users attending major sport or public events that demand high bandwidth and low latency jointly with computing capabilities at the networks' edge. The Metro-Haul project entered the scene proposing a cost-effective, agile, and disaggregated infrastructure for the metro segment encompassing optical and packet resources jointly with computing capabilities. Recently, a major Metro-Haul outcome took the form of a field trial of network function virtualization (NFV) orchestration over the multi-layer packet and disaggregated optical network testbed that demonstrated a CLVS use case. We showcased the average service creation time below 5 min, which met the key performance indicator as defined by the 5G infrastructure public private partnership. In this paper, we expand our field trial demonstration with a detailed view of the Metro-Haul testbed for the CLVS use case, the employed components, and their performance. The throughput of the service is increased from approximately 9.6 Gbps up to 35 Gbps per virtual local area network with high-performance VNFs based on single-root input/output virtualization technology

Lie Detection and the Law:Torture, Technology and Truth

The optical cross-connect (OXC) is a key element in current WDM networks. In this context, the design of OXCs is becoming very challenging since it has to fulfil requirements from legacy optical networks and be future-proof to support both legacy lower bitrates and future high-speed super-channels by means of flexible allocation of spectral resources. In this paper we review the novel concept of Architecture on Demand (AoD) to dynamically synthesise architectures suited to the switching and processing requirements of traffic. We propose a technique suited to perform architecture computation and composition and discuss the scalability of the proposed technique. Results show that it is possible to reduce the number of hardware modules used at least by half compared to other conventional architectures. © 2012 IEEE

Experimental-based Subsystem Models For Simulation Of Heterogeneous Optical Networks

This work presents and analyzes experimental-based subsystem models for Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and wavelength selective switches (WSSs) under operation in a metropolitan optical network testbed. Firstly, the performance of the EDFAs and two gain control types are analyzed in a heterogeneous experimental setup with lightpaths modulated at 10G/100G/200G. Secondly, the WSS optical shape filter is experimentally characterized. Subsequently, simulation models are proposed accordingly to the experimental data obtained from the experimental setups. Results of output power and spectrum shape for both amplifiers under test showed good agreement between simulation and experiment. In addition, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for all channels was also analyzed and it was obtained error values bellow 1 dB, which are within an acceptable error margin. The developed sub-system models will provide greater flexibility to simulate different network scenarios and enable the development and validation of future optical network intelligence algorithms.13287103(2014) Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2013-2018, , White paper, FebVan Den Borne, D., Towards 400G and beyond: How to design the next generation of ultra-high capacity transmission systems (2011) Optoelectronics and Communications Conference (OECC), pp. 429-432. , JulyWinzer, P.J., High-Spectral-Efficiency Optical Modulation Formats (2012) Journal of Lightwave Technology, 30 (24), pp. 3824+3835. , Dec.15Winzer, P.J., Essiambre, R., Advanced Optical Modulation Formats (2006) Proceedings of the IEEE, 94 (5), pp. 952+985. , MayBorkowski, R., Experimental study on OSNR requirements for spectrum-flexible optical networks [Invited] (2012) Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 4 (11), pp. B85+B93. , NovShankar, R., Multi-degree ROADM based on wavelength selective switches: Architectures and scalability (2007) Optics Communications, 279 (1), pp. 94-100. , NovemberQusay, M., (2007) Cognitive Networks: Towards Self-Aware Networks, , Wiley E-Book, New YorkMelo, D.A.A., Adaptive Optical Transceivers: Concepts and Challenges (2014) Journal of Communication and Information Systems, 29 (1). , MayCaballero, A., Experimental demonstration of a cognitive quality of transmission estimator for optical communication systems (2012) Opt. Express, 20, pp. B64-B70Gonzalez, N.G., K-means Algorithm for joint Frequency and Phase Offset Compensation in Digital Receivers for Phase-Modulated Radio-over-Fiber Links (2011) Optical Fiber Technology, , under review inCaballero, A., Cognitive, Heterogeneous and Reconfigurable Optical Networks: The CHRON Project (2014) J. Lightwave Technol., 32, pp. 2308-2323Magalhães, E.C., Global ROADM-Based Spectrum Equalizer in SDN Architecture for QoT Optimization at DWDM Networks (2014) Optical Fiber Communication Conference, , paper W2A.35Magalhães, E.C., Global WSS-based Equalization Strategies for SDN Metropolitan Mesh Optical Networks (2014) ECOC 2014, , Cannes, France, paper Tu.1.6.6Oliveira, J., Demonstration of EDFA Cognitive Gain Control via GMPLS for Mixed Modulation Formats in Heterogeneous Optical Networks (2013) Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, , paper OW1H.2Bjorklund, M., (2010) RFC6020 - YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), , IETF RFC, OctoberEnns, R., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Bierman, A., (2011) RFC6241 - Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), , IETF RFC, JuneSchmidt, M., Lipson, H., Distilling Free-Form Natural Laws from Experimental Data (2009) Science, 324 (5923), pp. 81-85http://optiwave.com/products/system_overview.htmlYounce, R., Larikova, Wang, Y., Engineering 400G for Colorless-Directionless-Contentionless Architecture in Metro/Regional Networks (2013) Journal of Optical Communications and Networking (JOCN), 5 (10), pp. A267-A273. , OctMoura, U.C., EDFA adaptive gain control effect analysis over an amplifier cascade in a DWDM optical system Microwave & Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC), 2013 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International, Aug. 2013Savory, S.J., Digital signal processing for coherent optical communication systems Optoelectronics and Communications Conference and Photonics in Switching (OECC/PS), July 2013De Oliveira, R.F., Hybrid EDFA/Raman Amplification Topology for Repeaterless 4.48 Tb/s (40 x 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK) Transmission Over 302 Km of G.652 Standard Single Mode Fiber (2013) J. Lightwave Technol., 31 (16), pp. 2799-2808. ,